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Period 2011-2014
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Coordinator Carmelina Bevilacqua - Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria - PAU Department
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Fund 7th European Research Framework – Marie Curie IRSES Action - Grant Agreement No 269142
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Topics Urban Regeneration; Local Economic Development; Public Private Partnership; Urban Rural Link; Community Involvement
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Amount € 638.400,00
A new paradigm for Sustainable Urban-Rural Regeneration
The CLUDs project, funded by the European 7th Framework Programme – Marie Curie Actions – IRSES 2010, aimed at identifying which factors can play determinant roles in performing urban regeneration initiatives and which values can influence their success from an integrated perspective, according to sustainable development principles. In particular, the research intended to demonstrate how the enhancement of local commercial activities (for example, handcrafts and food) performs urban regeneration initiatives towards the reinforcement of local economy, as a way of securing more sustainable urban-rural policy arenas.
Starting from the area-based approach featuring urban regeneration initiatives, the research has connected the logic of urban districts and community area to the logic of the urban-rural network, operationalizing the territorial milieu concept, by including it in current urban management tools, and turning it into an additional asset to further increase sustainability for the competitive urban platform.
The intent was to use new urban management tools able to produce competitive returns supported by social, environmental and economic sustainable actions. In order to reach this objective, it was important to classify urban areas by considered the integration as a basic requirement for the implantation of new urban management tool. Moreover, the CLUDs project strengthened the international research network in the field of urban regeneration, sustainability, public- private participation on the operations of urban transformation and revitalization of smaller towns
The Project
In the first year the CLUDs has emphasized the role of the urban district as catalyst of mixed partnership forms, according to a spatial urban configuration.
In order to understand what are the key factors of PPP initiatives, 12 case studies distributed in different districts of the metropolitan area of Boston have been analyzed.
In the second year the CLUDs has emphasized the roles of the community and of the localized production system to foster local economic development through the connection of urban regeneration to milieu concept.
In order to understand what are the key factors of Community Led Approach, 12 case studies distributed in different community plan in San Diego have been analyzed.
The contribution of the CLUDs project to Europe 2020 strategy, within the sustainable urban development is related to:
– The rationale of district for the implementation of ITI (Integrated Territorial Investment).
– The rationale of the community led approach for the implementation of CLLD (Community -Led Local Development).
Innovation
The CLUDs project has introduced the concept of “milieu” to offer a different source of sustainability within urban regeneration initiatives, that is the connections with the surrounding rural areas to reinforce local economy. Among different contributions in literature about the meaning of milieu, the more suitable explanation, according to the CLUDs project, is the following: “a set of potential expressed by a particular territory that should be recognized and captured by the organization of local actors in order to be exploited as sources of local development”.
The main feature of the milieu is the capability to relate physical resources with local actors, by covering three dimensional aspects: the individual (value attitudes, life-style, actions, perceptions); the level of the district/neighborhood (locality); and the level of the network. Connected to this general meaning, some specifications arise from the new economy or new economic geography implications, especially with respect the GREMI (Groupe de Recherches Européensur les Milieux Innovateurs) model.
Links between localized production system and “innovator milieu” have been analyzed “to show the way in which the complex interaction of demand, increasing returns, transport costs, as well as learning processes and other relevant elements, yield to performances even spatially differentiated, with areas which become losers or winners in the new competitive environment.”
According with the general objective of the CLUDs project, the key concept, coming out from the territorial milieu perspective, turns out as the following: “the role of space in innovative and localized processes depends on its capacity to promote local initiatives, to create a wave of new forms and to activate a territorial dynamic of innovation”. The specific context of the research outlines urban regeneration initiatives as drivers of sustainable development.
Implementation
Enhancing sustainability by incorporating territorial milieu into current urban regeneration tools
The construction of the conceptual framework necessary to develop the CLUDs model is aimed at:
1. integrating physical interventions, public- private management, localisation of enterprises and economic logistics.
2. Developing a key-feature to innovate the theoretical background of BIDs (Business Improvement Districts) defined and implemented in USA.
Despite a new vision of the European space perspective has emerged in literature, former and current European programmes and tools, built to manage financial resources at regional level, tended and still tend to keep urban and rural development as separated issues.
This gap can be filled by proposing an urban-rural integrated management tool, to be implemented within urban regeneration processes under the current and future programming period
The construction of the CLUDs model aimed at incorporating the territorial milieu (including urban-rural interactions) into local urban regeneration initiatives”:
1. incorporating urban-rural interactions into implement urban management tools.
2. exploiting the potential of grass-rooted community-driven initiatives into urban management tools.
How this territorial integration can generate value?
Clusters provide us with the supporting argument for building a marketable territorial network and operationalise the CLUD concept inside the territory as a whole.
The new urban management tool (CLUD) mediates between market and sustainable development, by joining together territorial milieu and clusters
The construction of the CLUDs Local Action Plan aims at:
1. Testing the CLUDs model
2. Designing the CLUDs’ Local Action Plan structure
The WP3 is characterized by the implementation of the CLUDs Action Plan to different urban areas with diverse peculiarities. This WP aims at producing and implementing Action Plans for some pilot areas, through the broader involvement of the local community and stakeholders, and at developing a toolkit of transferable good practices to orient urban development policies.
Findings
A new paradigm for Sustainable Urban-Rural Regeneration tools
Considering the evidences analyzed, the urban regeneration initiatives based on an integrated approach that valorises the concept of the “milieu” are potentially drivers of sustainability and produce positive effects for communities by improving the supply of public services. The main results of the research, one related to the forms of PPP in urban regeneration initiative, the other related to the role of community led approach to reinforce urban regeneration by incorporating urban-rural interactions, have been oriented to give a contribution for the logical construction of the two new instruments ITI and CLLD.
The logics of urban district more suitable for enhancing the medium size city to implement the so called urban agenda 2020 with ITI “ by re-designing the role of nonprofit organizations in PPP; the community led approach to define the hub cities as urban center to interface from urban to rural context, for enhancing the integration between rural development policy with structural funds and making feasible the implementation of CLLD (ERDF/ESF funds together with European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD).
The main scientific highlights can be summarized as follows:
- The strategic role played by no-profit organizations in urban regeneration initiatives in US contexts, quite different from the role played in EU contexts
- The no-profit organization seems to be the key factor to compensate concentration of business and distribution of welfare. This important finding has been reached during the first period in Boston, by developing the research activities within the WP1 “Urban Management tools”.
The main hypothesis started from the consideration that the development of a socio-economic territorial network can act as driver for sustainable urban regeneration and rural areas competitiveness, by involving producers and sellers in targeted urban-rural areas, also acting on food chains.
Two are the main topics:
– Urban regeneration connected to urban rural link;
– From rural area to urban district The CLUDs project aimed at investigate the key success factors acting in urban regeneration processes:
– Enhancement the local economy from the perspective of the network;
– Competitive repositioning of the urban district in the global economy;
– Sustainability of interventions of urban regeneration thanks to the integrated logistics (Km 0) and community planning oriented approach;
– Improvement of services to citizens.
The huge family of approaches in defining Public Private Partnership promoting the economic initiative within urban regeneration process has led to distinguish two main categories The first based on: 1. the initial formal or informal agreement among public and private partners; 2. the involvement of the public sector 3. the dominant thread concerning infrastructure financing, construction, operation, and maintenance The second based on: 1. A general pursuing to establish a partnership based on community development principles dealing with the involvement of citizens, local companies and professionals to improve various aspects of local communities 2. the legal entity based on non-profit organization, which allows to participate to a set of advantages, such as tax relieves, special national trust for grant, etc.. ; 3. the dominant thread concerning in providing services and programs and engage in activities that support communities.
The joint activities of the project CLUDs based on the integration of Development Policy and Research, through the Synergy between the ESF OP 2007-2013 Calabria and 7th Framework Programme of the European research anticipate the build of initiatives consistent with the new Europe 2020 and Horizon 2020 for the future programming period
Boston Case Analysis
Impact
BOOK
- SPATIAL PLANNING AND TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT 2012 https://issuu.com/cludslab/docs/spatial_planning
PAPER
- NEW METROPOLITAN PERSPECTIVES 2014 BOOK 1 https://issuu.com/cludslab/docs/territorial_milieu_as_driver_for_su
- NEW METROPOLITAN PERSPECTIVES 2014 BOOK 2
https://issuu.com/cludslab/docs/research_and_innovation_transfer_in
- Journal of civil engineering and architecture 2013
https://issuu.com/cludslab/docs/journal-of-civil-engineering-and-ar
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
- Urban regeneration tools and community involvement community benefit district 2013
https://issuu.com/cludslab/docs/urban_regeneration_tools_and_commun
- Public spaces as positive externalities in urban regeneration initiatives 2013
https://issuu.com/cludslab/docs/publicspacesaspositiveexternalities
- Realcorp 2013 the role of commixed use areas approach in USA
https://issuu.com/cludslab/docs/realcorp-2013_the_role_of_commixed_
- Aisre 2013 tod and bids two strategic tools in urban regeneration initiatives
https://issuu.com/cludslab/docs/aisre_2013_tod_and_bids_two_strateg
- Commercial local urban districts program (cluds) in PEOPLE 2012 CONFERENCE
https://issuu.com/cludslab/docs/commercial_local_urban_districts_pr
- Smart specialisation strategies the role of public private partnership in planning smarter cities for Regional Studies Association conference
https://issuu.com/cludslab/docs/smart_specialisation_strategies_the
- Arsa 2012 ppps and new urban centrality
https://issuu.com/cludslab/docs/arsa_2012_ppps_and_new_urban_centra
- Aesop 2012 Conference proceedings
https://issuu.com/cludslab/docs/aesop_2012
De Domenico D., Bevilacqua C., Pisano A. A., Structural systems and constructions practices in social housing, Isgma 2015, June 23-27, ISGMA 2015 – International Symposium on Green Manufacturing and Applications, Qingdao, 2015
Bevilacqua C., Trillo C., Pizzimenti P., Maione C., Urban Form and Urban Security: Insights from a Southern Italian Neighborhood, 20th International Conference On Urban Planning And Regional Development In The Information Society, 5 – 7 May, PLAN TOGETHER ? RIGHT NOW ? OVERALL From Vision to Reality for Vibrant Cities and Regions 20th International Conference on Urban Planning and Regional Development in the Information Society, Ghent, Belgium, 2015, pp. 651-659
First International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspective – The integrated approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” Presentation and Paper: Research and Innovation transfer in the field of PPP applied to Urban Regeneration actions and policies
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
First International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspective – The integrated approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” Presentation and Paper: Territorial as driver for sustainability in urban regeneration initiatives: the case of San Diego, CA
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: The Evaluation Culture to Build a Network of Competitive Cities in the Mediterranean,
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation: Lessons from the United States,
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: Transfer Development Rights as Incentives for Regeneration of illegal settlements
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: Innovative Tools for the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Administrative Action of the Metropolitan Cities: the Strategic Operational Programme
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: Land Value Recapture in US: the case of San Francisco
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Paper: Transit Oriented Development & Social Equity: from Mixed Use to Mixed Framework
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: Credit Access and Urban Regeneration in the United States
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: Natural Commercial Centres: Regeneration Opportunities and Urban Challenges
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: Food Hubs: Reconnecting Alternative Food Networks and the Conventional Food Supply Chain
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: Sustainability Valuation for Urban Regeneration. The “Geomatic Valuation University Lab” Research
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
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“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: Landscape Quality Valuation for its Preservation and Treasuring
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: The Public-Private Partnership for Urban Regeneration in USA
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: The Outstanding Universal Value of the Isola Ellenofona
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: Challenging Inclusivity Urban Agriculture and Community Involvement in San Diego
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation: The American Smart Growth Planning in European Local Context
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Paper: Place-Based Approach: a US-EU Comparison
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: EUROPE 2020 SI-LAB: A New Center for Economic and Social Development in Sicily
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: Europe 2020 Strategy and New Policy for Marginal Areas
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: Urban Regeneration and New Partnerships among Public Institutions, Local Entrepreneurs and Communities
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: A program for the Development of the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria. Preliminary Issues
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: Urban Development Agreement: “METROPOLITAN PERSPECTIVE 2013”. The Public-Private Partnership in Urban Infrastructure Development in the north area of Reggio Calabria
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
1st International Symposium
“New Metropolitan Perspectives – The Integrated Approach of Urban Sustainable Development through the Implementation of Horizon/Europe 2020” (ISTH 2020)
Presentation and Paper: The Role of Cultural Assets in European and United States Urban Regeneration
Reggio Calabria, May 7, 2014
Regional Studies Association Winter Conference.
Mobilising Regions: Territorial Strategies for Growth
Paper: “Urban Regeneration Tools And Community Involvement: Community Benefit District”
London, November 22, 2013
26. XXVIII Congresso Nazionale INU
La città come motore di sviluppo
Paper: “Public Spaces as positive externalities in urban regeneration initiatives“
Salerno, 24-26 ottobre 2013
11th European IFSA Symposium.
Paper: “Feeding the City. Foodsheds and Urban Agriculture in San Diego Humboldt-Universität”
1-4 April 2014, Berlin (printing in progress)
ISoCaRP, Frontiers of Planning.
Evolving and Declining Models of City Planning Practice
Paper: The Role of Non-Profit Organizations For Innovating Urban Regeneration Strategies. Four case studies in the USA. The Hague
ISoCaRP, Frontiers of Planning.
Evolving and Declining Models of City Planning Practice
Paper: Urban Agriculture as a Social Inclusion Vector. What Potential for Innovating Urban Regeneration Strategies?. Four case studies in the USA. The Hague
ISoCaRP, Frontiers of Planning.
Evolving and Declining Models of City Planning Practice
Paper: Innovative PPP Tools Supporting Urban Regeneration. The Role of Non-profit Organizations in USA Four case studies in the USA.. The Hague
ISoCaRP, Frontiers of Planning.
Evolving and Declining Models of City Planning Practice
Paper: Urban Agriculture as a Socially Inclusive and Sustainable Post-Growth Urban Regeneration Strategy. The Hague
Beijing Forum 2013
The Harmony of Civilization and Prosperity for all”-Retrospect and Prospect
Paper: “TOD-Transit Oriented Development: is it an effective alternative to overcome social disparities?”
Beijing, 1-3, November 2013
IFOU
7th Conference of International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU) Creative Reinaissance
Presentation and Paper: “TOD-Transit Oriented Development: a sustainable tool towards smart living”
Beijing, 7-11 October 2013
AISRE 2013.
Presentation and Paper: “TODs and BIDs: two strategic tools in urban regeneration initiatives as drivers for a balanced regional development”
Palermo, 2-3 September 2013
REAL CORP – Planning Times. 2013
Presentation and Paper: “The Role of Community in Urban Regeneration: Mixed Use Areas Approach in USA”
Rome, 20-23 May 2013
SIU, XVI Conferenza Nazionale 2013
Presentation and Paper: “Public spaces as quality indicators in urban regeneration initiatives”
Napoli, 9-10 May 2013
AESOP 2012
Ambivalent Landscapes sorting out the present by designing the future. Public space-urban Cultural conference
Paper: ”The role of Public Private Partnership (PPP) defined by the Transit Oriented Development (TOD) rationale. The case studies of Concord and Somerville in Massachusetts”
Lisbon, 6-7 December 2012
ARSA-2012
1st Virtual International Conference on Advanced Research in Scientific Fields
Paper: “PPPs and new urban centralities activation: The mixed-use approach”
December 3 – 7, 2012
Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions in Horizon 2020. Regional and International impact
Paper: “Commercial Local Urban Districts”
Nicosia, October 2012
European Winter Conference Regional Studies Association
Networked Regions and Cities in Times of Fragmentation: Developing Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Places
Presentation and Paper: “Smart specialization strategies: the role of Public Private Partnership in planning smarter cities”
Delft, 13-16 May 2012
Documents
CLUDs 1st Scientific Report
CLUDs WP1 Case Studies Report
CLUDS WP1 Survey Forms
CLUDS WP1 Survey Forms
CLUDS 2nd Scientific Report
CLUDS WP2 Case Studies Report
CLUDs WP2 Templates
CLUDs WP2 Survey and Interviews
CLUDS WP3 Final International Symposium
Our Team
Carmelina Bevilacqua
CLUDsLab Director - Project CoordinatorAssistant Professor - PAU Department Università degli Studi Mediterranea of Reggio CalabriaAlan W. Dyer
Project Unit CoordinatorProfessor Emeritus - Department of Economics Northeastern University, Boston, MA (USA)Gregory Wassall
Project unit MemberAssociate Professor - Department of Economics Northeastern University, Boston, MA (USA)Claudia Trillo
Project unit CoordinatorLecturer in Architecture - School of the Built Environment- SOBE - University of Salford - Manchester, UKChrister Bengs
Project Unt CoordinatorProfessor - Department of Real Estate, Planning and Geoinformatics - Aalto University, Helsinki, FinlandKytta Marketta
Researcher of Environmental PsychologyDepartment of Real Estate, Planning and Geoinformatics - Aalto University, Helsinki, FinlandiaGabriella Esposito
Researcher in Urban PlanningIstituto di Ricerca su Innovazione e Servizi per lo Sviluppo IRISS - CNRBruno Monardo
Associate ProfessorProject Unit Coordinator FOCUS - Centro sulla Valorizzazione e gestione dei centri storici minori - Roma, ItaliaNico Calavita
Project Unit CoordinatorProfessor, School Of Public Affairs San Diego State University San Diego, CA (USA)
Partner

Università Degli Studi Mediterranea
Dipartimento Patrimonio Architettura Urbanistica - Reggio Calabria, Italia

Universita' degli studi "La Sapienza"
Centro sulla Valorizzazione e gestione dei centri storici minori - Roma, Italia

Northeastern University
Department of Economics School of Urban Affairs - Boston (MA), United States of America

University of Salford
School of the Built Environment - Manchester, United Kingdom

Aalto University
Department of Real Estate, Planning and Geoinformatics - Helsinki, Finlandia

San Diego State University
School Of Public Affairs - San Diego, United States of America

This Project has received funding from the European Union’s 7th research and innovation program under the Marie Curie grant agreement No 269142